Print    ISSN: 2538-3302

Online ISSN: 2538-3310

 Subject Area and Category based on Scopus:

     Business, Management and Accounting

          -- Business and International Management

          -- Strategy and Management

     Economics, Econometrics and Finance

          -- Economics and Econometrics

          -- Finance

 Subject Area and Category based on Web of Science:

     Business | Finance. 

- Business Economics.

 - Business Ethics.

 - Commerce.

 - Corporate Governance.

 - Finance.

 - Financial Accounting.

 - General Management.

 - Human Resource Management.

 - International economic relations.

 - Knowledge Management.

 - Management Development.

 - Marketing.

 - Operations Management.

 - Organization Theories.

 - Organizational Behavior.

 - Public Sector Management.

 - R&D Management.

 - Research Methods in Management and Business.

 - Strategic Management.

 - Technology Management.

 - Trade.

 - World Economy.

Prof. Ahmad Akbari

Prof. Charles Harvie

Prof. Mosayeb Pahlavani

Prof. Faridah Hj Hassan

University of Wollongong, Australia

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia

381.03

378.55

  University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. P.O. Box 98135-987

  Tel : +98-541-8056782. Fax: +98-541-2443385

 Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

 The International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) is a fully open-access journal, which means that all articles are available on the Web to all users immediately upon publication. All content of the Journal is published with open access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows users to copy and redistribute the article under the following conditions: 

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.

 The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

 Benefits of open access for authors include:

       - Authors retain copyright to their work.

       - Free access for all users worldwide.

       - Increased visibility and readership.

       - No spatial constraints.

       - Rapid publication.

  No publication charges are required from the author(s).

 All manuscripts must be free from plagiarism contents. Manuscripts submitted to the International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) will be screened for plagiarism using similarity check and plagiarism detection tools. All authors are suggested to use plagiarism detection software to check the similarity before submitting their manuscript to the journal.
 Editors check the plagiarism detection of manuscripts in the International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) by using Grammarly detection software (www.grammarly.com) and using iThenticate. The journal will immediately reject papers leading to plagiarism or self-plagiarism. Whenever it is determined that the manuscript has not complied with the plagiarism rules, it will be REJECTED (before acceptance for publication), and if it was published, it will be RETRACTED for plagiarism issues.
The International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) aims at ensuring that all authors are careful and comply with international standards for academic integrity, particularly on the issue of plagiarism. Plagiarism occurs when an author takes ideas, information, phrases, or words from another source without proper credit to the source. Even when it occurs unintentionally, plagiarism is still a serious ethical violation and unacceptable in scientific academic publications. When the author takes an idea from another author, a citation is required even if the author then develops the idea further. This might be an idea about how to interpret the data, either what methodology to use or what conclusion to draw. It might be an idea about broad developments in a field or general information. Regardless of the idea, authors should cite their information sources. In cases where the author develops the idea further, it is still necessary to cite the original source of the idea, and then in a subsequent sentence, the author can explain his or her more developed idea. When the author takes words from another author, a citation and quotation marks are required. Whenever four or more consecutive words are identical to a source that the author has read, the author must use quotation marks to denote the use of another author's original words; just a citation is no longer enough.

 An article may be retracted when its findings are no longer considered trustworthy due to scientific misconduct or error, it plagiarizes previously published work, or it is found to violate ethical guidelines. An article may be retracted when the integrity of the published work is substantially undermined owing to errors in the conduct, analysis, and/or reporting of the research. Violation of publication or research ethics may also result in a study’s retraction. The original paper will be marked as RETRACTED but a PDF version remains available to readers, and the RETRACTION statement is bi-directionally linked to the original published paper. Retraction statements will typically include a statement of assent or dissent from the authors.

 The authors have the right to complain and ask explanation if they perceive any misconduct in any applicable policies and ethical guidelines. The authors can raise their complaints by submitting a letter to: IJBDS@eco.usb.ac.ir. We follow the COPE guidelines on responding to whistleblowers, which includes protecting anonymity. All the complaints regarding delinquencies in the work processes are investigated according to the prevailing publication ethics practices. An author or any other scholar may submit their complaints about any issues related to:

- Authorship issues;
- Bias in the review process;
- Copyright violation;
- Deceiving in research results or wrong research results;
- Manuscript processing time is unusually late;
- Plagiarism;
- The peer-review comments are unsatisfactory; 
- Unrevealed conflicts of interest; and
- Violations of the research ethics and integrity.

  Once a complaint is received, at first, an acknowledgment is sent to the complainant with the assurance that appropriate action will be taken on a complaint within three working days excluding the complaint receiving date. The investigation process is initiated by the journal handling team according to the directions of the Editor-In-Chief. After the investigation is over, a meeting is held with a complete report on the complaint. The decision has been made and the same is forwarded to the concerned scholar through his/her submitted email ID. We consider complaints as an opportunity to enhance our existing Manuscript Processing System. All the received complaints are dealt with in a polite and timely manner with certainty.

No publication charges are required from the author.

Full-text access: Open Access

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which allows others to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material.

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.

 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.

 3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

 The International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) uses the Basic Data Sharing Policy. The journal is committed to a more open research landscape, facilitating faster and more effective research discovery by enabling reproducibility and verification of data, methodology, and reporting standards. The International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) encourages authors to cite and share their research data, including but not limited to: raw data, processed data, software, algorithms, protocols, methods, and materials. Authors are encouraged to share or make open the data supporting the results or analyses presented in their article where this does not violate the protection of human subjects or other valid privacy or security concerns.

The International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) encourages authors to share the data and other artifacts supporting the results in the article by archiving it in an appropriate public repository. Authors should include a Data Accessibility Statement, including a link to the repository they have used, in order that this statement can be published alongside their paper. The International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) requires authors of Original Investigation, and Special Paper articles to (1) place the de-identified data associated with the manuscript in a repository; and (2) include a Data Availability Statement in the manuscript describing where and how the data can be accessed.

The International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS) defines data as the digital materials underlying the results described in the manuscript, including but not limited to spreadsheets, text files, interview recordings or transcripts, images, videos, output from statistical software, and computer code or scripts. Authors are expected to deposit at least the minimum amount of data needed to reproduce the results described in the manuscript. Data can be placed in any repository that makes data publicly available, providing a unique persistent identifier, including institutional repositories, general repositories (e.g., Figshare, Open Science Framework, Zenodo, Dryad, Harvard Dataverse, OpenICPSR), or discipline-specific repositories.

The Data Availability Statement should be placed in the manuscript at the end of the main text before the references. This statement must include (1) an indication of the location of the data; (2) a unique identifier, such as a digital object identifier (DOI), accession number, or persistent uniform resource locator (URL); and (3) any instructions for accessing the data, if applicable. At the point of submission, you will be asked if there is a data set associated with the paper. If you reply yes, you will be asked to provide the DOI, pre-registered DOI, hyperlink, or other persistent identifier associated with the data set(s). If you have selected to provide a pre-registered DOI, please be prepared to share the reviewer URL associated with your data deposit, upon request by reviewers. Where one or multiple data sets are associated with a manuscript, these are not formally peer-reviewed as a part of the journal submission process. It is the author’s responsibility to ensure the soundness of data. Any errors in the data rest solely with the producers of the data set(s).

Please note: As you are submitting your manuscript to the International Journal of Business and Development Studies (IJBDS), where submissions are double-blind peer-reviewed, the main text file should not include any information that might identify the authors (i.e., Author Name, Address, Conflict of Interest and fund related information). As a data availability statement could reveal your identity, we recommend removing this from the anonymized version of the manuscript. Exceptions to this policy will be made in rare cases in which de-identified data cannot be shared due to their proprietary nature or participant privacy concerns. Exceptions to policy and restrictions on data availability are granted for reasons associated with the protection of human privacy, issues such as biosafety, and/or to respect terms of use for data obtained under license from third parties. Confidential data, e.g., human subject or patient data, should always be anonymized, or permission to share should be obtained in advance. If in doubt, authors should seek counsel from their institution’s ethics committee. Authors should include a data accessibility statement, including a link to the repository they have used, in order that this statement can be published alongside their paper. Below are some examples.

Data Availability Statement:

1. Data associated with this article are available in the Open Science Framework at .

2. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at http://doi.org/[doi], reference number [reference number].

3. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at [URL], reference number [reference number].

4. The data that support the findings of this study are available in [repository name] at [URL/DOI], reference number [reference number]. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: [list resources and URLs]

Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, they should only employ these technologies to improve readability and language. The application of AI technology must be accompanied by human oversight and control. Authors should carefully review and edit the results because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as authors or co-authors, nor should they be cited as an author.  Authorship implies tasks and responsibilities that are uniquely attributed to and performed by humans. Authors should disclose their use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions provided. A statement acknowledging this use will appear in the published article. It is essential to recognize that authors remain ultimately responsible and accountable for the content of their articles.

Disclosure instructions:

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Office of the International Journal of Business and Development Studies, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. P.O. Box 98135-987